atavism | Definition

Doc's CJ Glossary by Adam J. McKee
Course: Criminology

In the field of criminology, atavism is a theory that explains criminal behavior as a result of the reemergence of primitive, genetically inherited traits in individuals.


Atavism is a theory in criminology that explains criminal behavior as a result of the reemergence of primitive, genetically inherited traits in individuals. The theory posits that these traits were adaptive in earlier, more primitive societies but are now maladaptive in modern societies, leading to criminal behavior.

The theory of atavism suggests that some individuals have a genetic predisposition to criminal behavior due to inherited traits that are associated with aggression, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy. These traits are believed to have been adaptive in earlier human societies, where violence and competition for resources were more common, but are now maladaptive in modern societies that value cooperation, empathy, and the rule of law.

Atavism theory was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when criminologists were searching for biological explanations for criminal behavior. The theory was based on the work of Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who argued that criminals were biologically distinct from non-criminals and that criminal behavior was a manifestation of primitive, atavistic traits.

However, modern criminologists have largely rejected the theory of atavism in favor of more nuanced explanations of criminal behavior that take into account a wide range of social, economic, and environmental factors. While there may be some genetic factors that contribute to criminal behavior, most criminologists believe that the causes of crime are complex and multifaceted.

Moreover, the theory of atavism has been criticized for its potential to perpetuate harmful stereotypes and prejudices. By attributing criminal behavior to genetic factors, the theory suggests that some individuals are inherently more prone to criminality than others, which can lead to stigmatization and discrimination. Furthermore, the theory has been used to justify discriminatory policies and practices, such as eugenics and racial profiling.


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Last Modified: 05/04/2023

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