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• Criminal Justice
  • Arkansas CHCL Instructor Directory
  • Criminal Justice: An Overview of the System
    • Criminal Justice | Appendix A: The Constitution of the United States
    • Criminal Justice | Appendix B: The Bill of Rights
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Chapter 1
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Chapter 2
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Chapter 4
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Section 3
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Section 5
    • Criminal Justice | Introduction to Section 6
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 1.5
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 2.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 2.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 2.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 2.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 2.5
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 3.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 3.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 3.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 3.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 3.5
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 4.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 4.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 4.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 4.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 4.5
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 5.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 5.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 5.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 5.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 5.5
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 6.1
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 6.2
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 6.3
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 6.4
    • Criminal Justice | Learning Resources | Section 6.5
    • Criminal Justice | Preface
    • Criminal Justice | Section 1.1: The Criminal Justice System
    • Criminal Justice | Section 1.2: Roles, Objectives, and Limits in Criminal Justice
    • Criminal Justice | Section 1.3: Defining and Measuring Crime
    • Criminal Justice | Section 1.4: The Criminal Justice Process
    • Criminal Justice | Section 1.5: The Criminal Justice Process (Continued)
    • Criminal Justice | Section 2.1: Dual Federalism
    • Criminal Justice | Section 2.2: Politics in Criminal Justice
    • Criminal Justice | Section 2.3: The Policymaking role of the Supreme Court 
    • Criminal Justice | Section 2.4: The Civil Rights Revolution
    • Criminal Justice | Section 2.5: Theories of Punishment
    • Criminal Justice | Section 3.1: Sources of Criminal Law
    • Criminal Justice | Section 3.2: Substantive Criminal Law
    • Criminal Justice | Section 3.3: Elements of Crimes
    • Criminal Justice | Section 3.4: Legal Defenses
    • Criminal Justice | Section 3.5: Substantive Offenses
    • Criminal Justice | Section 4.1: Early History of Policing
    • Criminal Justice | Section 4.2: The Structure and Nature of Policing
    • Criminal Justice | Section 4.3: Police Methods
    • Criminal Justice | Section 4.4: Investigations and Specialized Units
    • Criminal Justice | Section 4.5: The Legal Environment of Policing
    • Criminal Justice | Section 5.1: State and Federal Courts
    • Criminal Justice | Section 5.2: The Prosecution and Defense
    • Criminal Justice | Section 5.3: Pretrial Process
    • Criminal Justice | Section 5.4: The Trial
    • Criminal Justice | Section 5.5: Sentencing
    • Criminal Justice | Section 6.1: Jails
    • Criminal Justice | Section 6.2: Prisons
    • Criminal Justice | Section 6.3: Prisoner’s Rights
    • Criminal Justice | Section 6.4: Parole, Probation, and Community Sanctions
    • Criminal Justice | Section 6.5: Probation, Parole, and the Law
  • Doc’s CJ Glossary
    • 1983 Lawsuit | Definition
    • Absconder | Definition
    • Abused Child | Definition
    • Accessory After the Fact | Definition
    • accessory before the fact | Definition
    • Accomplice | Definition
    • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Definition
    • Acquittal | Definition
    • Active Shooter | Definition
    • Active Supervision | Definition
    • Actual Possession | Definition
    • Actus Reus | Definition
    • Addiction-prone Personality | Definition
    • Adjudicated Delinquent | Definition
    • Adjudicatory Hearing | Definition
    • ADMAX | Definition
    • Administrative Law | Definition
    • Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) | Definition
    • Admissible | Definition
    • admission | Definition
    • adult | Definition
    • adultery | Definition
    • adversarial system | Definition
    • affidavit | Definition
    • affirmative defense | Definition
    • affirmed | Definition
    • aftercare | Definition
    • age of onset | Definition
    • aggravated assault | Definition
    • aggravating circumstances | Definition
    • aggregate measures | Definition
    • aging out | Definition
    • aid and abet | Definition
    • AIDS | Definition
    • alibi | Definition
    • alienation | Definition
    • alternative sanctions | Definition
    • amalgamation | Definition
    • American Bar Association | Definition
    • American Civil Liberties Union | Definition
    • androgens | Definition
    • appeal | Definition
    • appellate | Definition
    • appellate court | Definition
    • appellee | Definition
    • Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972) | Definition
    • arraignment | Definition
    • arrest | Definition
    • arrest rate | Definition
    • arrest report | Definition
    • arrest warrant | Definition
    • arson (law) | Definition
    • arson | Definition
    • Article III | Definition
    • Article VI | Definition
    • Assault (crime) | Definition
    • Assault (Simple) | Definition
    • Assembly Line Justice | Definition
    • asset forfeiture | Definition
    • assets | Definition
    • Assistant U.S. Attorney | Definition
    • attorney | Definition
    • Auburn System | Definition
    • August Vollmer  | Definition
    • August Vollmer | Definition
    • automobile patrol | Definition
    • Automobile Search | Definition
    • Bail  | Definition
    • Bail Reform Act of 1984 | Definition
    • Battery | Definition
    • Battle Dress Uniforms (BDUs) | Definition
    • Beat | Definition
    • Beccaria | Definition
    • Behaviorism | Definition
    • bench trial | Definition
    • bench warrant | Definition
    • Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (BRD) | Definition
    • bifurcated hearing | Definition
    • Bifurcated Trial | Definition
    • Bill of Attainder | Definition
    • Bill of Rights | Definition
    • biosocial | Definition
    • Booking | Definition
    • Breed v. Jones (1975) | Definition
    • Brief | Definition
    • Brown v. Mississippi (1936) | Definition
    • Burden of Proof | Definition
    • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) | Definition
    • Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) | Definition
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) | Definition
    • Burger Court | Definition
    • Burglary (UCR) | Definition
    • Burglary | Definition
    • California v. Greenwood (1988) | Definition
    • capital offense | Definition
    • carnal knowledge | Definition
    • Case File | Definition
    • Case Law | Definition
    • caseload | Definition
    • causation | Definition
    • celerity | Definition
    • certainty | Definition
    • certiorari power | Definition
    • challenge for cause | Definition
    • chambers | Definition
    • charge to the jury | Definition
    • charging document | Definition
    • child abuse | Definition
    • child neglect | Definition
    • Chimel v. California (1969) | Definition
    • circuit court | Definition
    • circumstantial evidence | Definition
    • Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) | Definition
    • city attorney | Definition
    • civil liberties | Definition
    • civil rights | Definition
    • Civil Rights Revolution | Definition
    • civil service | Definition
    • Clear and Present Danger Test | Definition
    • clearance rate | Definition
    • Clerk of the Court | Definition
    • closing arguments | Definition
    • code | Definition
    • Code of Hammurabi | Definition
    • coercion | Definition
    • Coffin v. U.S. (1895) | Definition
    • Commentaries on the Laws of England | Definition
    • commercial burglary | Definition
    • Common Law | Definition
    • common law felonies | Definition
    • community corrections | Definition
    • community defender organizations | Definition
    • Community Oriented Policing | Definition
    • Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) | Definition
    • community service | Definition
    • compelling state interest | Definition
    • concealed carry laws | Definition
    • concurrence | Definition
    • concurrent sentence | Definition
    • conditions of parole | Definition
    • conditions of release | Definition
    • confidential informant | Definition
    • Confrontation Clause | Definition
    • Congregate System | Definition
    • Congress of the United States | Definition
    • consecutive sentence | Definition
    • consent search | Definition
    • conservative | Definition
    • conservative decisions | Definition
    • constitution | Definition
    • Constitution of the United States | Definition
    • constructive possession | Definition
    • control group | Definition
    • conviction | Definition
    • cooperative federalism | Definition
    • corporal punishment | Definition
    • corrections | Definition
    • cost-benefit analysis | Definition
    • counsel | Definition
    • court | Definition
    • court of general jurisdiction | Definition
    • court of last resort | Definition
    • court reporter | Definition
    • crime | Definition
    • Crime Control Model | Definition
    • Crime Index | Definition
    • crime scene investigation | Definition
    • criminal code | Definition
    • criminal homicide (UCR) | Definition
    • Criminal Justice Act (CJA) | Definition
    • criminal justice funnel | Definition
    • criminal justice system | Definition
    • Criminal Procedure | Definition
    • cruel and unusual punishments | Definition
    • culpable mental state | Definition
    • custody | definition
    • custody level | definition
    • cybercrime | definition
    • damages | definition
    • dark figure of crime | definition
    • day fine | definition
    • day fine | definition
    • de facto | definition
    • de novo | definition
    • deadly force | definition
    • death penalty | definition
    • death penalty | definition
    • death row | definition
    • decentralized | definition
    • decisions | definition
    • Declaration of Principles | definition
    • declaratory judgment | definition
    • defendant | definition
    • defense counsel | definition
    • deinstitutionalization | definition
    • delinquent | definition
    • Department of Homeland Security (DHS) | definition
    • Dependent and Neglected Children
    • dependent and neglected children
    • depraved heart murder
    • detention center
    • detention hearing
    • determinate sentencing
    • deterrence
    • diagnostic center
    • direct evidence
    • discovery
    • discretion
    • dismissal with prejudice
    • dismissal without prejudice
    • disposition
    • disposition hearing
    • disproportionate minority contact
    • District Attorney (D.A.)
    • Diversion Control Program (DEA)
    • docket
    • Doctrine of Proportionality
    • Doctrine of Proportionality | Definition
    • Doe v. Renfrow (1981)
    • DOJ Environment and Natural Resources Division | Definition
    • DOJ Executive Office for Immigration Review | Definition
    • Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO)
    • domestic violence
    • Double Jeopardy
    • Drug Awareness Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)
    • Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
    • drug enforcement unit
    • dual court system
    • dual federalism
    • due process
    • Due Process Clause
    • Due Process Model
    • duress
    • dwelling house
    • Effectiveness
    • efficiency
    • Eighth Amendment
    • electronic monitoring
    • element
    • Elmira Reformatory
    • Embezzlement
    • en banc
    • entrapment
    • equality
    • equity
    • Escobedo v. Illinois
    • Estelle v. Gamble
    • evidence
    • evidentiary standard
    • ex parte
    • Ex Post Facto Law
    • exclusionary rule
    • exculpatory evidence
    • excuse
    • Executive Branch of Government
    • Exigent Circumstances Exception
    • extralegal factors
    • Fair Notice
    • Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
    • Fairness
    • Faretta v. California (1975)
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
    • Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
    • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
    • Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
    • Federal Public Defender
    • Federal Question Jurisdiction
    • Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
    • Federal Rules of Evidence
    • felon
    • felony
    • Felony Murder Rule
    • Fifth Amendment
    • fighting words
    • finder of fact
    • fine
    • First Amendment
    • first appearance
    • Flat Timed
    • Fleeing Felon Rule
    • Follow up investigation
    • foot patrol
    • forcible rape
    • foreperson
    • forfeiture
    • Fourteenth Amendment
    • Fourth Amendment
    • fourth waiver
    • Frankpledge System
    • Freedom of Assembly
    • Freedom of Expression
    • Freedom of Religion
    • Fundamental Rights
    • Furman v. Georgia
    • Gagnon v. Scarpelli
    • gaol
    • General Deterrence
    • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
    • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    • Ginsburg, Justice Ruth Bader
    • good time
    • Good-faith Exception
    • Graham v. Connor
    • grand jury
    • Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
    • grievous bodily harm
    • group home
    • guilty plea
    • guilty verdict
    • habeas corpus
    • Habeas Corpus
    • harm
    • Harm
    • hate crime
    • Hate Crime
    • hearsay
    • Hearsay
    • Herman Goldstein
    • hierarchical
    • Hierarchical
    • home confinement
    • Home Confinement
    • hot pursuit search
    • Hot Pursuit Search
    • hot spot
    • Hudson v. Palmer
    • Hudson v. Palmer
    • hue and cry
    • Hue and Cry
    • hundred
    • Hundred
    • Hundred
    • hung jury
    • Hung Jury
    • imminent danger
    • imminent danger
    • impeachment
    • impeachment
    • in camera
    • In Forma Pauperis
    • In Re Gault (1967)
    • In Re Winship (1970)
    • inactive supervision
    • incapacitation
    • incarceration
    • inculpatory evidence
    • independent counsel
    • indeterminate sentencing
    • indictment
    • indigent defendant
    • individual racism
    • individual rights
    • inevitable discovery exception
    • infancy defense
    • informal diversion
    • informant
    • information
    • injunction
    • Insanity Defense
    • Institutional Racism
    • Intake
    • Intensive Supervision Probation
    • Inter Alia
    • Intermediate Court of Appeals
    • Internal Affairs | Definition
    • INTERPOL Washington | Definition
    • Investigator | Definition
    • Involuntary Intoxication | Definition
    • Irresistible Impulse Test | Definition
    • Jail | Definition
    • John Howard
    • John Howard
    • John Howard
    • Johnson v. Avery (1969) | Definition
    • Judge | Definition
    • Judicial Activism | Definition
    • Judicial Diversion | Definition
    • Judicial Independence | Definition
    • Judicial Misconduct | Definition
    • Judicial Restraint | Definition
    • Judicial Review | Definition
    • Judiciary | Definition
    • Jurisdiction | Definition
    • Jurisprudence | Definition
    • Jury | Definition
    • Jury Instructions | Definition
    • Jury Nullification | Definition
    • Just Deserts | Definition
    • Justice | Definition
    • Justice Anthony Kennedy | Definition
    • Justice Elena Kagan | Definition
    • Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Definition
    • Justice Sonia Sotomayor | Definition
    • Justice Stephen Breyer | Definition
    • Justification | Definition
    • Juvenile Court Act of 1899 | Definition
    • Juvenile Curfew | Definition
    • Juvenile Delinquency | Definition
    • Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968 | Definition
    • Juvenile Detention Center | Definition
    • Juvenile Justice | Definition
    • Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment | Definition
    • Kent v. United States (1966) | Definition
    • Kin Policing | Definition
    • Knock and Announce Requirement | Definition
    • Knowingly | Definition
    • Knowingly and Voluntarily | Definition
    • Larceny-theft | Definition
    • Law | Definition
    • Lawrence v. Texas (2003) | Definition
    • Layer Cake Federalism | Definition
    • Lease System | Definition
    • Legalistic Style of Policing | Definition
    • Legislature | Definition
    • Lesser Included Offense | Definition
    • Lesser of Two Evils Defense | Definition
    • Lex Talionis | Definition
    • Liberal | Definition
    • Liberal Decisions | Definition
    • Limited Jurisdiction | Definition
    • Line Officer | Definition
    • Local Government | Definition
    • Local Police Department | Definition
    • Lower Court | Definition
    • M’Naghten Rule | Definition
    • Mafia | Definition
    • Magistrate | Definition
    • Magistrate Judge | Definition
    • Magna Carta | Definition
    • Mala In Se | Definition
    • Mala Prohibita | Definition
    • Malice Aforethought | Definition
    • Mandatory Sentencing | Definition
    • Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | Definition
    • Marble Cake Federalism | Definition
    • Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Definition
    • Marital Rape | Definition
    • Maryland v. Garrison (1987) | Definition
    • Maximum-Security Prison | Definition
    • McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) | Definition
    • Medical Model | Definition
    • Medium-Security Prison | Definition
    • Mempa v. Rhay (1967) | Definition
    • Mental Health Treatment | Definition
    • Mere Hunch | Definition
    • Minimum-Security Prison | Definition
    • Misdemeanant | Definition
    • Misdemeanor | Definition
    • Mistake Defense | Definition
    • Mistrial | Definition
    • Mitigating Circumstances | Definition
    • Model Penal Code (MPC) | Definition
    • Monetary Fine | Definition
    • Moot | Definition
    • Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) | Definition
    • Mosaic Code | Definition
    • Motion | Definition
    • Motion for a New Trial | Definition
    • Motion in Limine | Definition
    • Motion to Suppress | Definition
    • Motor Vehicle Theft (UCR) | Definition
    • Multiethnic | Definition
    • Multiracial | Definition
    • Municipal Court | Definition
    • Murder | Definition
    • Mutual Pledge System | Definition
    • NAACP | Definition
    • National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) | Definition
    • National Criminal Justice Reference Service | Definition
    • National Incident-based Reporting System (NIBRS) | Definition
    • National Institute of Corrections | Definition
    • National Institute of Justice | Definition
    • National Protection and Programs Directorate | Definition
    • National Security Division (NSD) | Definition
    • Nationalization | Definition
    • Negligence | Definition
    • New Jersey v. TLO (1985) | Definition
    • New York v. Quarles (1984) | Definition
    • Nix v. Williams (1984) | Definition
    • No-knock Warrant | Definition
    • Nolle Prosequi | Definition
    • Nolo Contendere | Definition
    • Non-deadly Force | Definition
    • Nonsystem Argument | Definition
    • Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity | Definition
    • Not Guilty Plea | Definition
    • O.W. Wilson | Definition
    • Objectively Reasonable | Definition
    • OCDETF | Definition
    • Office for Victims of Crime | Definition
    • Office of Attorney Recruitment & Management | Definition
    • Office of Health Affairs (OHA) | Definition
    • Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) | Definition
    • Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention – OJJDP | Definition
    • Office of Operations Coordination and Planning | Definition
    • Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART) | Definition
    • Office of Special Counsel | Definition
    • Office of the Associate Attorney General | Definition
    • Office of the Deputy Attorney General | Definition
    • Office of the Inspector General | Definition
    • Office of the Pardon Attorney | Definition
    • Office of the Solicitor General | Definition
    • Office of Tribal Justice | Definition
    • Office on Violence Against Women | Definition
    • Omission | Definition
    • Open Fields Doctrine | Definition
    • Opinion | Definition
    • Oral Argument | Definition
    • Order Maintenance | Definition
    • Ordinary Crime | Definition
    • Organized Crime | Definition
    • Overturn | Definition
    • Panel | Definition
    • Parens Patriae | Definition
    • Parish | Definition
    • Parole | Definition
    • Parole Board | Definition
    • Parole Officer | Definition
    • Parole Revocation | Definition
    • Parolee | Definition
    • Parsons v. State (1887) | Definition
    • Particularity Requirement | Definition
    • Partisan Politics | Definition
    • Penal Code | Definition
    • Penitence | Definition
    • Penitent | Definition
    • Penitentiary | Definition
    • Pennsylvania System | Definition
    • Peremptory Challenge | Definition
    • Petition | Definition
    • Petition for a Writ of Certiorari | Definition
    • Petty Offense | Definition
    • Phishing | Definition
    • Plain View Doctrine | Definition
    • Plaintiff | Definition
    • Plea | Definition
    • Plea Bargain | Definition
    • Pleadings | Definition
    • Police | Definition
    • Police Brutality | Definition
    • Police Courts | Definition
    • Police Union | Definition
    • Police-community Relations (PCR) | Definition
    • Policy | Definition
    • Political Era | Definition
    • Politicized | Definition
    • Politics | Definition
    • Possession | Definition
    • Post-disposition Hearing | Definition
    • Power of the Purse | Definition
    • Precedent | Definition
    • Preliminary Hearing | Definition
    • Preliminary Investigation | Definition
    • Preponderance of the Evidence | Definition
    • Presentence Report | Definition
    • Pretrial Conference | Definition
    • Pretrial Detention | Definition
    • Pretrial Motions | Definition
    • Pretrial Services | Definition
    • Pretrial Services Officer | Definition
    • Preventive Patrol | Definition
    • Primary Aggressor | Definition
    • Prison | Definition
    • Prison Overcrowding | Definition
    • Prison Programs | Definition
    • Private Prison | Definition
    • Pro Bono Publico | Definition
    • Pro se | Definition
    • Proactive | Definition
    • Probable Cause | Definition
    • Probation | Definition
    • Probation Officer | Definition
    • Problem Analysis Triangle | Definition
    • Problem-Oriented Policing | Definition
    • Procedural Criminal Law | Definition
    • Procedural Due Process | Definition
    • Procedural Justice | Definition
    • Prosecute | Definition
    • Prosecutor | Definition
    • Public Safety Exception | Definition
    • Purposely | Definition
    • Quasi-Military Organization | Definition
    • Qutb v. Strauss (1993) | Definition
    • Racial Discrimination | Definition
    • Racism | Definition
    • Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) | Definition
    • Rape | Definition
    • Rape Shield Laws | Definition
    • Rate | Definition
    • Rational Choice Theory | Definition
    • Reactive | Definition
    • Reasonable Force | Definition
    • Reasonable Person Test | Definition
    • Reasonable Suspicion | Definition
    • Rebuttable Presumption | Definition
    • Rebuttal | Definition
    • Reception Facility | Definition
    • Recidivism | Definition
    • Recidivist | Definition
    • Recklessly | Definition
    • Reform Era | Definition
    • Reformatory Movement | Definition
    • Rehabilitation | Definition
    • Rehabilitation Model | Definition
    • Rehnquist Court | Definition
    • Release on Recognizance (ROR) | Definition
    • Remand | Definition
    • Remedy | Definition
    • Reporter | Definition
    • Residential Burglary | Definition
    • Residential Treatment Center | Definition
    • Residual Problems of Society | Definition
    • Restitution | Definition
    • Retributive Justice | Definition
    • Reversed | Definition
    • Revocation | Definition
    • Revocation Hearing | Definition
    • Right to a Public Trial | Definition
    • Right to a Speedy Trial | Definition
    • Right to a Trial by Jury | Definition
    • Right to Access to the Courts | Definition
    • Right to Assemble | Definition
    • Right to be Free From Cruel and Unusual Punishment | Definition
    • Right to Confront Witnesses | Definition
    • Right to Counsel | Definition
    • Right to Free Exercise of Religion | Definition
    • Right to Free Speech | Definition
    • Right to Notice of Accusations | Definition
    • Right to Privacy | Definition
    • Right to Remain Silent | Definition
    • Right to Vote | Definition
    • Robbery | Definition
    • Rule of Law | Definition
    • Rules of Criminal Procedure | Definition
    • Rules of Evidence | Definition
    • S.W.A.T. | Definition
    • San Diego Field Interrogation Study | Definition
    • Scarlet-Letter Punishment | Definition
    • Scene Integrity | Definition
    • Schall v. Martin (1984) | Definition
    • Schenck v. United States (1919) | Definition
    • School Resource Officer (SRO) | Definition
    • Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) | Definition
    • Search Incident to Arrest | Definition
    • Second Amendment | Definition
    • Secret Service | Definition
    • Self-defense | Definition
    • Sentence | Definition
    • Sentencing | Definition
    • Sentencing Guidelines | Definition
    • Sentencing Hearing | Definition
    • Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 | Definition
    • Sentencing Statute | Definition
    • Separation of Powers | Definition
    • Sequester | Definition
    • Service of Process | Definition
    • Service Style | Definition
    • Severity | Definition
    • Sexual Battery | Definition
    • Shakedown | Definition
    • Sheriff | Definition
    • Sheriff’s Department | Definition
    • Sheriff’s Deputies | Definition
    • Shire | Definition
    • Shire-reeve | Definition
    • Sir William Blackstone | Definition
    • Sixth Amendment | Definition
    • Solicitation | Definition
    • Special Populations | Definition
    • Specialized Units | Definition
    • Specific Deterrence | Definition
    • Speedy Trial Act of 1974 | Definition
    • Split Sentence | Definition
    • Stakeholder | Definition
    • Standard of Proof | Definition
    • Standing | Definition
    • Standing Mute | Definition
    • Stare Decisis | Definition
    • State’s Attorney | Definition
    • Status Offender | Definition
    • Status Offense | Definition
    • Statute | Definition
    • Statute of Limitations | Definition
    • Stop and Frisk | Definition
    • Street Crime | Definition
    • Subpoena | Definition
    • Subpoena Duces Tecum | Definition
    • Substance Abuse Treatment | Definition
    • Substantial Capacity Test | Definition
    • Substantial Federal Question | Definition
    • Substantive Criminal Law | Definition
    • Super-Maximum-Security Prison | Definition
    • Supervised Release | Definition
    • Supremacy Clause | Definition
    • Sustaining the Petition | Definition
    • Sworn Officer | Definition
    • System | Definition
    • Technical Violation | Definition
    • Tennessee v. Garner (1985) | Definition
    • Terry v. Ohio (1968) | Definition
    • Testimonial Evidence | Definition
    • Three Branches of Government | Definition
    • Tithing | Definition
    • Tithingman | Definition
    • Tort | Definition
    • Town Hall Meeting | Definition
    • Traffic Court | Definition
    • Traffic Unit | Definition
    • Training School | Definition
    • Transcript | Definition
    • Transportation Security Administration (TSA) | Definition
    • Trial | Definition
    • Trial by Jury | Definition
    • Trial Court | Definition
    • Tribal Police | Definition
    • Truancy | Definition
    • U. S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division | Definition
    • U.S. Attorney General | Definition
    • U.S. Attorneys | Definition
    • U.S. Census Bureau | Definition
    • U.S. Circuit Courts | Definition
    • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) | Definition
    • U.S. Code | Definition
    • U.S. Courts of Appeal | Definition
    • U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) | Definition
    • U.S. Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture Program | Definition
    • U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division | Definition
    • U.S. District Courts | Definition
    • U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) | Definition
    • U.S. Marshals Service | Definition
    • U.S. Parole Commission | Definition
    • U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC) | Definition
    • U.S. Supreme Court | Definition
    • U.S. v. Leon (1984) | Definition
    • U.S. v. Salerno (1987) | Definition
    • Unconstitutional | Definition
    • Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) | Definition
    • United States Coast Guard (USCG) | Definition
    • United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) | Definition
    • United States Secret Service (USSS) | Definition
    • Uphold | Definition
    • Venue | Definition
    • Verdict | Definition
    • Vice | Definition
    • Victim Impact Statement | Definition
    • Victimless Crime | Definition
    • Violation | Definition
    • Visible Crime | Definition
    • Void for Vagueness | Definition
    • Voir Dire | Definition
    • Voluntary Intoxication | Definition
    • Waiver | Definition
    • Walnut Street Jail | Definition
    • Warrant | Definition
    • Warren Court | Definition
    • Watch and Ward | Definition
    • Watchman Style | Definition
    • Weeks v. United States (1914) | Definition
    • Wilderness Camp | Definition
    • Wilson, James Q. | Definition
    • Witness | Definition
    • Wolf v. Colorado (1949) | Definition
    • Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) | Definition
    • Women’s Prison | Definition
    • Work Release Program | Definition
    • Writ | Definition
    • Writ of Certiorari | Definition
    • Zebulon Brockway
  • Ethics
  • Fundamental Cases in Criminal Justice
    • Atkins v. Virginia (2002)  536 U.S. 304
    • Barron v. Baltimore (1833) 32 U.S. 243
    • Batson v. Kentucky (1986) 476 U.S. 79
    • Blackledge v. Allison (1977) 431 U.S. 63
    • Blakely v. Washington (2004)  542 U.S. 296
    • Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978) 434 U.S. 357
    • Boykin v. Alabama (1969) 395 U.S. 238
    • Breed v. Jones (1975)  421 U.S. 519
    • Caroll v. United States (1925) 267 U.S. 132
    • Chimel v. California (1969) 395 U.S. 752
    • District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne (2009) 557 U.S. 52
    • Furman v. Georgia (1972) 408 U.S. 238
    • Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) 411 U.S. 778
    • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) 372 U.S. 335
    • Gregg v. Georgia (1976) 428 U.S. 153
    • Hudson v. Palmer (1984) 468 U.S. 517
    • In Re Gault (1967) 387 U.S. 1
    • In Re Winship (1970) 397 U.S. 358
    • Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 367 U.S. 643
    • Maryland v. Wilson (1997) 519 U.S. 408
    • McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) 481 U.S. 279
    • McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) 403 U.S. 528
    • Mempa v. Rhay (1967)  389 U.S. 128
    • Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436
    • Monell v. Department of Social Services (1978) 436 U.S. 658
    • Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)  408 U.S. 471
    • New York v. Quarles (1984) 467 U.S. 649
    • Nix v. Williams (1984) 467 U.S. 431
    • North Carolina v. Alford (1970) 400 U.S. 25
    • Powell v. Alabama (1932) 287 U.S. 45
    • Ricketts v. Adamson (1987) 483 U.S. 1
    • Santobello v. New York (1971) 404 U.S. 257
    • Schall v. Martin (1984)  467 U.S. 253
    • Tennessee v. Garner (1985) 471 U.S. 1
    • Terry v. Ohio (1968)  392 U.S. 1
    • United States v. Drayton (2002) 536 U.S. 194
    • United States v. Leon (1984) 468 U.S. 897
    • United States v. Salerno (1987) 481 U.S. 739
    • Warden v. Hayden (1967) 387 U.S. 294
    • Weeks v. United States (1914) 232 U.S. 383
    • Williams v. Florida (1970) 399 U.S. 78
    • Wolf v. McDonnell (1974) 418 U.S. 539
  • Writing in Criminal Justice
• District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne (2009) 557 U.S. 52
• DIY
  • Food
  • Home Brewing Overview
  • Review: LEM 10-tray Dehydrator
  • Review: VacMaster VP215 Chamber Vacuum Sealer
• Finance Stuff
  • Fundamentals of Personal Finance
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 1.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 1.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 1.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 1.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2.1)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3.1)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4.1)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5.1)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5.3)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5.4)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5.5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 5)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6.1)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6.2)
    • Personal Finance (Sec. 6)
  • Market Investing
    • Market Investing | Preface
    • Section 1
      • Beyond Cash
      • Cash
      • Conclusions (1)
      • How Am I Doing?
      • I Cannot Do This!
      • Investing Basics – Conclusions
      • Market Investing | Our Goals
      • Section 1.1
        • Bonds
        • Broker CDs
        • Conclusions
        • Government Bonds
        • T.I.P.S.
        • Trading Bonds
      • Section 1.2
        • A Note on Social Security
        • Conclusions
        • Immediate Annuities
        • Payout Options
      • Section 1.3
        • Conclusions
        • Hail Mary Options Trading
        • Stock Futures and Options
      • Section 1.4
        • Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
        • The Learning Curve
      • Section 1.5
        • Bond Mutual Funds and ETFs
        • Common Features
        • Conclusions (1.5)
        • Developing a Trading Strategy
        • Eaters of Profit
        • Finding Information on a Fund
        • How Do I Make Money?
        • Managed versus Index Funds
        • Pitfalls to Avoid
        • Risk v. Reward
        • Stock Mutual Funds and ETFs
        • Things to Consider
        • Types of Investment Strategies
        • Types of Mutual Funds and ETFs
      • Some Big Ideas
      • The Magic of Compounding
      • Types of Investments
    • Section 2
      • Section 2.1
        • “Markets” is Plural
        • Bulls, Bears, & Investor Sentiment
        • Conclusions (2.1)
        • How To Trade Stocks
        • Margin Trading
        • Market Orders
        • Other Kinds of Orders
        • Timing Markets
        • Types of Stocks
        • What is a Stock Anyway?
        • When It Is Gambling
        • You and Your Broker
      • Section 2.2
        • Book Value
        • Conclusions (2.2)
        • Correlations
        • Debt to Equity
        • Dividends
        • Free Cash Flow
        • Market Capitalization
        • More on Earnings
        • Net Asset Value (NAV)
        • PEG Ratio
        • Price / Earnings Ratio
        • Sectors
        • Sectors and Styles
        • The Contrarian View
      • Section 2.3
        • Behavioral Economics
        • Conclusions (2.3)
        • Efficient Markets & Insane Actors
        • How Titans Beat the Market
      • Section 2.4
        • Conclusions (2.4)
        • Dealing with Declines
        • Prospect Theory
        • Rational Choice Theory
        • Technical Analysis
        • The 50% Rule
        • The Greater Fool
      • Section 2.5
        • Chasing Stocks
        • Conclusions (2.5)
        • Day Trading
        • Deciding to “Pull the Trigger”
        • Diversify!
        • Remember to Buy Low and Sell High
        • Shorting Stocks
        • Swing Trade Strategies
        • Swing Trade vs. Value Strategies
      • Section 2.6
        • All Your Eggs in One Basket
        • Conclusions (2.6)
        • Don’t Confuse Bulls for Brains
        • Emotional Investing
        • I Have a Guy
        • It’s Only a Couple of Percent
        • Letting Losers Run
        • Living in the Past
        • Save Tips for the Racetrack
        • Securities Backed by Nothing
        • Sloth Isn’t So Deadly
        • Take Some Off The Table
    • Section 3
      • Section 3.1
        • After Retirement
        • Americans Don’t Save
        • Conclusions (3.1)
        • Finance Education
        • Healthcare is Broken
        • Irrational Expectations
        • The “I’ll Work Forever” Fallacy
        • We Don’t Account for Inflation
        • We Don’t Have a Plan
        • We Don’t Have Emergency Funds
        • We Don’t Invest in Us First
        • We Make Deals with the Devil
      • Section 3.2
        • Conclusions (3.2)
        • IRAs and Taxes
        • Life Insurance
        • Roth IRAs
        • Traditional IRAs
      • Section 3.3
        • I have Plenty of Time
        • Images in the Clouds
        • The Smart Money
        • Your Two Minds
      • Section 3.4
        • Conclusions (3.4)
        • Jump Starting Your Portfolio
        • When You Don’t Have Time
      • Section 3.5
        • Dividend Yield
        • Effective Yield
        • Forecasting Returns
        • Interest Yield
        • Let’s Be Real
        • Return versus Yield
        • Where Do We Go From Here?
    • Section 4
      • Schools of Thought
      • Section 4.1 
        • Conclusions (4.1)
        • How We Measure Inflation
        • Inflation and a Balanced Portfolio
        • Inflation and Bonds
        • Inflation and Commodities
        • Inflation and Income
        • Inflation and Stocks
        • Nominal v. Real Interest Rates
      • Section 4.2
        • Conclusions (4.2)
        • Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) 4.2
        • Portfolio Return and Volatility
        • The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
      • Section 4.3
        • Conclusions (4.3)
        • Interest Rates and Oil
        • Interest Rates and Strange Moves
      • Section 4.4
        • Conclusions (4.4)
        • Frequency and Duration
        • Market Cycles
        • Speeding Recovery
        • Stocks and the Business Cycle
        • Trading Market Cycles
      • Section 4.5
        • Commodity Price Risk
        • Compliance Risk
        • Conclusions (4.5)
        • Headline Risk
        • Legislative Risk
        • Model Risk
        • Obsolescence Risk
        • Operational Risk
        • Rating Risk
        • Strategic Risk
    • Section 5
      • Section 5.1
        • A Legal Analogy
        • How “Conservative” Investors Lose
        • The Unreasonable Investor
      • Section 5.2
        • Conclusions (5.2)
        • Low-Risk Instruments
        • Moderate and High-Risk Instruments
      • Section 5.3
        • Backtesting
        • Conclusions (5.3)
        • Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) 5.3
        • Your Ability to Assume Risk
        • Your Risk Tolerance
      • Section 5.4
        • Availability Bias
        • Conclusions (5.4)
        • Herding
        • Risk Tolerance
        • Sensation Seeking
        • Short-term Focus
        • The Overconfidence Bias
      • Section 5.5
        • Asset Class Risk
        • Defining Portfolio Risk
        • Portfolio Risk
        • The Optimal Portfolio
        • Upside Risk
    • Section 6
      • Section 6.1
        • Conclusions (6.1)
        • How Allocation Reduces Risk
        • Life Risk
        • Random Walks and Portfolio Allocation
        • Rebalancing
        • Selecting Investments
        • Some Simple Rules
        • Time Frames
      • Section 6.2
        • Beating the Market
        • Conclusions (6.2)
        • Factor Selection Criteria
        • Is Beta a Factor?
        • Lessons from the CAPM
        • The Momentum Factor
        • The Profit Factor
        • The Size Factor
        • The Term Factor
        • The Value Factor
      • Section 6.3
        • You and Risk
        • Your Investment Plan
      • Section 6.4
        • 120 Minus Your Age Strategy
        • Catching Up on Retirement Savings
        • Company Loyalty
        • Investment Costs are Negligible
        • My Home is My Most Significant Investment
        • The 4% Rule
        • The Life Insurance Rule
        • There Are Signs
        • Why You Can’t Beat the Market
        • X Goes Up When Y Goes Down
        • You Must Be Rich to Invest
        • Your Friendly Financial Advisor
      • Section 6.5
        • Final Thoughts
        • Growth vs. Risk
        • Investment Options
        • Risk Parity
        • What Makes the Prices Change?
    • Your Financial Bookshelf
• Fixing Policing
  • Chapter 1: Is Policing Broken?
  • Chapter 10: Principles
  • Chapter 11: Policy Prescriptions
  • Chapter 2: Towards a Better Way
  • Chapter 3: Community Partnerships
  • Chapter 4: Problem Solving
  • Chapter 5: Procedural Fairness
  • Chapter 6: Proscribed Scope
  • Chapter 7: Protection
  • Chapter 8: Professionalism
  • Chapter 9: Purpose
• https://www.docmckee.com/WP/cj/criminal-justice-an-overview-of-the-system/
• OER
  • 4th Amendment Cases
    • Section 1 | Fourth Amendment Cases
      • Advisory Opinions
      • Analyzing Court Cases
      • Appellate Outcomes
      • Appellate Process
      • Case Law
      • Case Treatment
      • Constitutions
      • Doctrine of Precedent
      • Effects of Judicial Decisions
      • Federal Supremacy
      • Federal v. State
      • Holding v. Dictum
      • Jurisdiction
      • Mandatory Authority
      • Overview of the Appeals Process
      • Sources of the Law
      • Stare Decisis
      • The Appellate Role
      • The Interplay between Sources
      • Writ of Habeas Corpus
    • Section 2 | Fourth Amendment Cases
      • Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318 (2001)
      • California v. Hodari D., 499 U.S. 621 (1991)
      • Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)
      • Draper v. United States, 358 U.S. 307 (1959)
      • Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991)
      • Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 (2000)
      • Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983)
      • Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 (2000)
      • Standards of Evidence
      • United States v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2002)
      • United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1 (1977)
      • United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983)
    • Section 3 | Search Warrants
      • Chambers v. Maroney, 39 U.S. 42 (1970)
      • Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)
      • Cupp v. Murphy, 412 U.S. 291 (1979)
      • Go-Bart Importing Co. v. United States, 282 U.S. 344 (1931)
      • Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990)
      • Katz v. the United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)
      • Marron v. United States, 275 U.S. 192 (1927)
      • Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966)
      • United States v. Edwards, 415 U.S. 800 (1974)
      • United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984)
      • Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 (1967)
      • Wilson v. Arkansas, 515 U.S. 927 (1995)
      • Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85 (1979)
    • Section 4 | Investigations
      • Abel v. United States, 362 U.S. 217 (1960)
      • California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565 (1991)
      • Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)
      • New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454 (1981)
      • United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109 (1984)
      • United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)
      • United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745 (1971)
  • Advanced Statistics
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 1.1
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 1.2
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 1.3
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 1.4
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 1.5
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2.1
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2.2
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2.3
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2.4
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 2.5
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 3
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 3.1
    • Advanced Statistics | Section 3.2
    • Advanced Statistics | Content
  • Criminal Investigations
    • Investigations – Contents
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 1.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 6.5
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 7.1
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 7.2
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 7.3
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 7.4
    • Investigations | Resources | Sec. 7.5
    • Investigations | Section 1
    • Investigations | Section 1.1
    • Investigations | Section 1.2
    • Investigations | Section 1.3
    • Investigations | Section 1.4
    • Investigations | Section 1.5
    • Investigations | Section 2
    • Investigations | Section 2.1
    • Investigations | Section 2.2
    • Investigations | Section 2.3
    • Investigations | Section 2.4
    • Investigations | Section 2.5
    • Investigations | Section 3
    • Investigations | Section 3.1
    • Investigations | Section 3.2
    • Investigations | Section 3.3
    • Investigations | Section 3.4
    • Investigations | Section 3.5
    • Investigations | Section 4
    • Investigations | Section 4.1
    • Investigations | Section 4.2
    • Investigations | Section 4.3
    • Investigations | Section 4.4
    • Investigations | Section 4.5
    • Investigations | Section 5
    • Investigations | Section 5.1
    • Investigations | Section 5.2
    • Investigations | Section 5.3
    • Investigations | Section 5.4
    • Investigations | Section 5.5
    • Investigations | Section 6
    • Investigations | Section 6.1
    • Investigations | Section 6.2
    • Investigations | Section 6.3
    • Investigations | Section 6.4
    • Investigations | Section 6.5
    • Investigations | Section 7
    • Investigations | Section 7.1
    • Investigations | Section 7.2
    • Investigations | Section 7.3
    • Investigations | Section 7.4
    • Investigations | Section 7.5
  • Criminal Law
    • Contents
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 1.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Criminal Law | Resources | Sec. 6.5
    • Section 1
    • Section 1.1
      • Defining Crime
      • Grading Offenses
      • Our Common Law Tradition
    • Section 1.2  
      • Cruel and Unusual Punishment 
      • Double Jeopardy
      • Equal Protection 
      • Ex Post Facto Laws 
      • Free Speech 
      • Right to Privacy 
      • The Rule of Law
      • Void-for-Vagueness Doctrine 
    • Section 1.3
      • Actus Reus
      • Omissions as Acts
      • Possession as an Act
      • Procuring as an Act
      • Status as an Act
      • Voluntary Act Requirement
    • Section 1.4
      • Criminal Purpose
      • Determining Culpability
      • Kinds of Mens Rea
      • Negligence
      • Recklessness
      • Strict Liability
      • Types of Intent
    • Section 1.5
      • Causation
      • Concurrence
      • Harm
    • Section 2
    • Section 2.1
      • Accessories
      • Accomplice Actus Reus
      • Accomplice Mens Rea
      • Federal Accomplice Statutes
      • Modern Accomplice Statutes
    • Section 2.2
      • Criminal Attempt
      • Solicitation
      • Sting Operations and Entrapment
    • Section 2.3
      • Punishment Schemes
      • The Agreement
      • The Overt Act
    • Section 2.4
      • Choice of Evils
      • Consent as a Defense
      • Defense of Persons
      • Defense of Property
      • Execution of Public Duty
      • Justifications
      • The Castle Doctrine
      • Use of Force by Law Enforcement
    • Section 2.5
      • Duress
      • Entrapment
      • Ignorance or Mistake
      • Infancy
      • Intoxication
      • Mental Disease or Defect
    • Section 3
    • Section 3.1
      • Capital Murder
      • Manslaughter
      • Murder in the First Degree
      • Murder in the Second Degree
      • Negligent Homicide
      • Physician Assisted Suicide
    • Section 3.2
      • Abortion
      • Child Molesting
      • Fornication, Seduction, and Adultery
      • Incest
      • Prostitution
      • Rape
      • Sexual Assault
      • Sexual Battery
      • Sodomy, Bestiality, and Crimes Against Nature
    • Section 3.3
      • Abduction
      • False Imprisonment and False Arrest
      • Kidnapping
    • Section 3.4
      • Modern Statutory Modifications
      • Robbery Defined
      • The Taking Element
      • The Use of Force Element
    • Section 3.5
      • Battery
      • Hate Crimes
      • Mayhem
      • Simple Assault
      • Stalking Crimes
      • Statutory Assaults
    • Section 4
    • Section 4
    • Section 4.1
      • Child Abuse
      • Child Neglect
      • Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor
      • Endangering a Child
      • Mandatory Reporter Statutes
    • Section 4.2
      • Abuse of Incompetent Persons
      • Dating Violence
      • Domestic Violence
      • Elder Abuse
    • Section 4.2
    • Section 4.3
      • Blackmail
      • Bribery
      • Coercion
      • Extortion
    • Section 4.4
      • Common Law Burglary
      • Statutory Modifications
    • Section 4.5
      • Modern Statutory Modifications
      • The Burning Requirement
      • The Dwelling House Requirement
      • The Willful and Malicious Requirement
    • Section 5
    • Section 5.1
      • Embezzlement
      • Identity Theft
      • Larceny
      • Receiving Stolen Property
      • Theft by Fraud
    • Section 5.2
      • Counterfeiting
      • Forgery
      • Uttering
      • Worthless Checks
    • Section 5.3
      • Changing Marijuana Laws
      • Possession and Use of Drugs
      • Public Drunkenness
      • The “Drug Kingpin” Statute
      • The Uniform Act
      • Use, Sale, and Manufacture of Alcohol
    • Section 5.4
      • Affray
      • Breach of the Peace
      • Gambling
      • Harassment
      • Nuisance
      • Trespass
      • Unlawful Assembly and Riot
      • Vagrancy
      • Vandalism
    • Section 5.5
      • Criminal Contempt
      • Embracery
      • Escape
      • Obstructing Justice
      • Perjury
      • Subornation of Perjury
    • Section 6
    • Section 6.1
      • Hit and Run
      • Lesser Included Offenses and Traffic Law
      • Moving versus Nonmoving Violations
      • Parking and Related Offenses
      • Racing
      • Reckless Driving
      • Speeding Offenses
      • Territorial Application of Traffic Laws
    • Section 6.2
      • Drug DWI
      • DUI and DWI
    • Section 6.3
      • Data Theft
      • Fraud
      • Grooming Children
      • Identity Theft
      • Internet Crimes
      • Malware
      • Unauthorized Entry
      • Video Voyeurism
    • Section 6.4
      • Adultery
      • Criminal Seduction
      • Fornication
      • Pornography
      • The Legislation of Morality
    • Section 6.5
      • Environmental Crime
      • False Advertising
      • Mail Fraud
      • Money Laundering
      • Tax Evasion
      • The Securities Act
      • Wire Fraud
  • Criminology
    • Criminology | Contents
    • Criminology | Section 2
    • Criminology | Section 1
    • Criminology | Section 1.1
    • Criminology | Section 1.2
    • Criminology | Section 1.3
    • Criminology | Section 1.4
    • Criminology | Section 1.5
    • Criminology | Section 2.1
    • Criminology | Section 2.2
    • Criminology | Section 2.3
    • Criminology | Section 2.4
    • Criminology | Section 2.5
    • Criminology | SECTION 3
    • Criminology | Section 3.1
    • Criminology | Section 3.2
    • Criminology | Section 3.3
    • Criminology | Section 3.4
    • Criminology | Section 3.5
    • Criminology | SECTION 4
    • Criminology | Section 4.1
    • Criminology | Section 4.2
    • Criminology | Section 4.3
    • Criminology | Section 4.4
    • Criminology | Section 4.5
    • Criminology | SECTION 5
    • Criminology | Section 5.1
    • Criminology | Section 5.2
    • Criminology | Section 5.3
    • Criminology | Section 5.4
    • Criminology | Section 5.5
    • Criminology | SECTION 6
    • Criminology | Section 6.1
    • Criminology | Section 6.2
    • Criminology | Section 6.3
    • Criminology | Section 6.4
    • Criminology | Section 6.5
    • Criminology | SECTION 7
    • Criminology | Section 7.1
    • Criminology | Section 7.2
    • Criminology | Section 7.3
    • Criminology | Section 7.4
    • Criminology | Section 7.5
    • OER TOC | Contents
  • errata
  • Juvenile Justice
    • Juvenile Justice | Contents
  • Legal Research
    • Legal Research | Contents
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 1.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Legal Research | Resources | Sec. 6.5
    • Legal Research | Section 1.1
    • Legal Research | Section 1.2
    • Legal Research | Section 1.3
    • Legal Research | Section 1.4
    • Legal Research | Section 1.5
    • Legal Research | Section 2.1
    • Legal Research | Section 2.2
    • Legal Research | Section 2.3
    • Legal Research | Section 2.4
    • Legal Research | Section 2.5
    • Legal Research | Section 3.1
    • Legal Research | Section 3.2
    • Legal Research | Section 3.3
    • Legal Research | Section 3.4
    • Legal Research | Section 3.5
    • Legal Research | Section 4.1
    • Legal Research | Section 4.2
    • Legal Research | Section 4.3
    • Legal Research | Section 4.4
    • Legal Research | Section 4.5
    • Legal Research | Section 5.1
    • Legal Research | Section 5.2
    • Legal Research | Section 5.3
    • Legal Research | Section 5.4
    • Legal Research | Section 5.5
    • Legal Research | Section 6.1
    • Legal Research | Section 6.2
    • Legal Research | Section 6.3
    • Legal Research | Section 6.4
    • Legal Research | Section 6.5
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  • Police Methods
    • Police Methods | Contents
    • Police Methods | Section 1.1
    • Police Methods | Section 1.2
    • Police Methods | Section 1.3
    • Police Methods | Section 1.4
    • Police Methods | Section 1.5
    • Police Methods | Section 2.1
    • Police Methods | Section 2.2
    • Police Methods | Section 2.3
    • Police Methods | Section 2.4
    • Police Methods | Section 2.5
    • Police Methods | Section 3.1
    • Police Methods | Section 3.2
    • Police Methods | Section 3.3
    • Police Methods | Section 3.4
    • Police Methods | Section 3.5
    • Police Methods | Section 4.1
    • Police Methods | Section 4.2
    • Police Methods | Section 4.3
    • Police Methods | Section 4.4
    • Police Methods | Section 4.5
    • Police Methods | Section 5.1
    • Police Methods | Section 5.2
    • Police Methods | Section 5.3
    • Police Methods | Section 5.4
    • Police Methods | Section 5.5
    • Police Methods | Section 6.1
    • Police Methods | Section 6.2
    • Police Methods | Section 6.3
    • Police Methods | Section 6.4
    • Police Methods | Section 6.5
  • Policing
    • Policing | Contents
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Policing | Resources | Sec. 6.5
    • Policing | Section 1
    • Policing | Section 1.1
    • Policing | Section 1.2
    • Policing | Section 1.3
    • Policing | Section 1.4
    • Policing | Section 1.5
    • Policing | Section 2
    • Policing | Section 2.1
    • Policing | Section 2.2
    • Policing | Section 2.3
    • Policing | Section 2.4
    • Policing | Section 2.5
    • Policing | Section 3
    • Policing | Section 3.1
    • Policing | Section 3.2
    • Policing | Section 3.3
    • Policing | Section 3.4
    • Policing | Section 3.5
    • Policing | Section 4
    • Policing | Section 4.1
    • Policing | Section 4.2
    • Policing | Section 4.3
    • Policing | Section 4.4
    • Policing | Section 4.5
    • Policing | Section 5
    • Policing | Section 5.1
    • Policing | Section 5.2
    • Policing | Section 5.3
    • Policing | Section 5.4
    • Policing | Section 5.5
    • Policing | Section 6
    • Policing | Section 6.1
    • Policing | Section 6.2
    • Policing | Section 6.3
    • Policing | Section 6.4
    • Policing | Section 6.5
  • Preface | Research
  • Procedural Law
    • Procedural Law | Section 3.2
    • Procedural Law | Section 3.3
      • Forcing Entry
      • People at the Search Scene
      • Protective Sweeps
      • The Scope of the Search
      • Use of Force
    • Procedural Law | Section 3.4
      • Administrative Inspections
      • Consent Searches of Premises
      • Exigent Circumstances
      • Hot Pursuit
      • Plain View
      • Schools & Other Special Searches
    • Procedural Law | Section 3.5
      • Bodily Samples
      • Booking and Other Custody Related Searches
      • Consent Searches
    • Procedural Law | SECTION 4
    • Procedural Law | Section 4.1
      • Pretext Searches
      • Search Incident to Arrest of Vehicle Occupants
      • The Vehicle Exception
      • Vehicle Inventory
    • Procedural Law | Section 4.2
      • Abandoned Property
      • Airborne Surveillance
      • Computer Searches
      • Container Searches
      • Electronic Surveillance
      • Narcotics Field Tests
      • Technological Challenges
      • Thermal Imaging
    • Procedural Law | Section 4.3
      • Informants
      • Police Deception
      • Undercover Procedures
    • Procedural Law | Section 4.4
    • Procedural Law | Section 4.5
      • Miranda Waivers
    • Procedural Law | SECTION 5
    • Procedural Law | Section 5.1
      • After Formal Proceedings Begin
      • Before Formal Proceedings Begin
      • Waiver of the Right to Counsel
    • Procedural Law | Section 5.2
    • Procedural Law | Section 5.3
      • 1983 Suits
      • Administrative Review
      • Defenses to 1983 Suits
      • Theories of Liability
    • Procedural Law | Section 5.4
      • Application to the States
      • Fruit of the Poisonous Tree
      • Standing
      • Suppression Hearings
      • The Exclusionary Rule
      • The Exclusionary Rule and Appeals
      • When The Exclusionary Rule Does Not Apply
    • Procedural Law | Section 5.5
      • Anatomy of a Trial
      • Change of Venue
      • Double Jeopardy
      • Pleas & Plea Bargaining
      • Pretrial Motions
      • The Decision to Charge
      • The Right to a Speedy Trial
      • The Right to an Impartial Judge
      • The Right to an Impartial Jury
      • The Right to Compulsory Process
      • The Right to Confrontation
    • Procedural Law | SECTION 6
    • Procedural Law | Section 6.1
      • Field Identifications
      • Forensic Identification
      • Lineups
      • Photographic Arrays
    • Procedural Law | Section 6.2
      • Pretrial Detention
    • Procedural Law | Section 6.3
      • Joinder and Severance
      • Jurisdiction and Venue
      • Pretrial Motions
      • The Formal Charging Process
      • The Grand Jury
      • The Initial Appearance
    • Procedural Law | Section 6.4
      • Granting Probation
      • Revoking Probation
      • Rights of Probationers and Parolees
    • Procedural Law | Section 6.5
      • Appeal
      • Fines
      • Forfeiture of Property
      • Incarceration
      • Presentence Investigations & Prior Convictions
      • The Death Penalty
      • The Sentencing Hearing
      • Types of Criminal Sentences
      • Victim Impact Statements
    • Procedural Law | Section 1
    • Procedural Law | Section 1.1
      • Case Law
      • Constitutions
      • Procedural Law | Federal Supremacy
      • Statutory Law
      • The Interplay between Sources of Law
    • Procedural Law | Section 1.2
      • Procedural Law | Characteristics of Primary Sources
      • Procedural Law | What is With All These Citations?
    • Procedural Law | Section 1.3
      • Characteristics of Legal Publications
      • Finding Statutes
      • Online Research Caveats
      • The Traditional Library
    • Procedural Law | Section 1.4
      • Appellate Outcomes
      • Mandatory Authority
      • The Appellate Process
      • The Appellate Role
      • The Doctrine of Precedent
    • Procedural Law | Section 1.5
      • Advisory Opinions
      • An Overview of the Appeals Process
      • Analyzing Court Cases
      • Effects of Judicial Decisions
      • Federal v. State
      • Holding v. Dictum
      • Jurisdiction
      • Stare Decisis
      • Writ of Habeas Corpus
    • Procedural Law | SECTION 2
    • Procedural Law | Section 2.1
      • Drug Dogs
      • Standards of Evidence
      • Voluntary Contact
      • Who, What, When and Where
    • Procedural Law | Section 2.2
      • Border Searches
      • Personal Property
      • Protective Frisks
      • Vehicle Stops
    • Procedural Law | Section 2.3
      • Arrest and Place
      • Arrest and the Use of Force
      • Arrest Warrants
      • Probable Cause for Arrests
    • Procedural Law | Section 2.4
    • Procedural Law | Section 2.5
    • Procedural Law | SECTION 3
    • Procedural Law | Section 3.1
    • Procedure | Contents
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 1.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Procedure | Resources | Sec. 6.5
  • Procedure Cases
    • Procedure Section 1
      • Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 (1986)
      • Davis v. United States, 512 U.S. 452 (1994)
      • Lewis v. United States, 385 U.S. 206 (1966)
      • Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
      • New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984)
      • Roviaro v. United States, 364 U.S. 53 (1957)
    • Procedure Section 2
      • Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335 (1980)
      • Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982)
      • Illinois v. Allen, 397 U.S. 337 (1970)
      • Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922 (1982)
      • Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964)
      • McNeil v. Wisconsin, 501 U.S. 171 (1991)
      • Patterson v. Illinois, 487 U.S. 285 (1988)
      • Ross v. Moffit, 417 U.S. 600 (1974)
      • Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465 (1976)
      • Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)
      • United States v. Calandra, 414 U.S. 338 (1974)
      • United States v. Ewell, 383 U.S. 116 (1966)
      • United States v. Lanier, 520 U.S. 259 (1997)
      • Ward v. Monroeville, 409 U.S. 57 (1972)
    • Procedure Section 3
      • ATKINS V. VIRGINIA, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)
      • AUSTIN V. UNITED STATES, 509 U.S. 602 (1993)
      • BOYKIN V. ALABAMA, 395 U.S. 238 (1969)
      • BURNS V. UNITED STATES, 287 U.S. 216 (1932)
      • COOPER V. OKLAHOMA, 517 U.S. 348 (1996)
      • GARDNER V. FLORIDA, 430 U.S. 349 (1977)
      • JACKSON V. DENNO, 378 U.S. 368 (1964)
      • KANSAS V. HENDRICKS, 521 U.S. 346 (1997)
      • SIMMONS V. UNITED STATES, 390 U.S. 377 (1968)
      • STACK V. BOYLE, 342 U.S. 1 (1951)
      • UNITED STATES V. DIONISIO, 410 U.S. 1 (1973)
      • UNITED STATES V. SALERNO, 481 US 739 (1987)
      • United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967)
  • Section 1 | Research
    • Section 1.1: What is (Social) Science? | Research
    • Section 1.2: Making Sense of Numbers | Research
    • Section 1.3: Definitions and Constructs | Research
    • Section 1.4: Research Ethics | Research
    • Section 1.5: Finding Information | Research
  • Section 2 | Research
    • Section 2.1: The Scientific Literature | Research
    • Section 2.2: The Scientific Literature | Research
    • Section 2.3: Analyzing the Literature | Research
    • Section 2.4: Methodological Concerns | Research
    • Section 2.5: The APA Style | Research
  • Section 3 | Research
    • Section 3.1: Writing Research Hypotheses | Research
    • Section 3.2: Variables | Research
    • Section 3.3: Scales of Measurement | Research
    • Section 3.4: Sampling and Generalizability | Research
    • Section 3.5: Hypothesis Testing | Research
  • Section 4 | Research
    • Section 4.1: Synthesis of the Literature | Research
    • Section 4.2: Quoting and Paraphrasing | Research
    • Section 4.3: Elements of a Literature Review | Research
    • Section 4.4: Your Own Style | Research
    • Section 4.5: Writing to Style | Research
  • Section 5 | Research
    • Section 5.1: Quantitative Research | Research
    • Section 5.2: Experimental Designs | Research
    • Section 5.3: True Experiments | Research
    • Section 5.4: Quasi-experimental Designs | Research
    • Section 5.5: Qualitative Designs | Research
  • Section 6 | Research
    • Section 6.1: Qualitative and Historical Research | Research
    • Section 6.2: Existing Data and Archival Records | Research
    • Section 6.3: Observational Research | Research
    • Section 6.4: Surveys and Interviews | Research
    • Section 6.5: Applied Research | Research
  • Social Research Methods
  • Statistics
    • Fundamentals of Social Statistics | Preface
    • Section 1 
      • Section 1.1
        • The Nature of Social Science
      • Section 1.2
        • Addition & Subtraction
        • Dealing with Negative Numbers
        • Equations
        • Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
        • Multiplication and Division
        • Order of Operations
        • Roots and Exponents
        • Statistical Symbols and Jargon
        • Summation
      • Section 1.3
        • Using Excel
        • Visualizing Data
      • Section 1.4
        • Discrete and Continuous Variables
        • Independent and Dependent Variables
      • Section 1.5
        • Interval Scale
        • Latent v. Observable Variables
        • Nominal Scale
        • Ordinal Scale
        • Ratio Scale
    • Section 2
      • Section 2.1
        • Cluster Sampling
        • Populations and Samples
        • Probability
        • Probability Distributions
        • Probability Sampling Methods
        • Simple Random Samples
        • Stratified Sampling
        • Systematic Sampling
      • Section 2.2
        • Convenience Sampling
        • Quota Sampling
        • Sampling Error
      • Section 2.3
        • Distributions of Data
        • Measures of Central Tendency
        • Measures of Variability
        • Shapes of Distributions
        • Variables
      • Section 2.4
        • Cumulative Percent and Percentile Rank
        • Rates
      • Section 2.5
        • Computing a Frequency Distribution in Excel
        • Creating a Histogram in Excel
        • Generating a Line Graph in Excel
        • Grouped Frequency Distributions
        • Histograms
        • Line Graph
        • Outliers
    • Section 3
      • Range and Interquartile Range
      • Section 3.1
        • Computing the Mean in Excel
        • Computing the Median in Excel
        • Computing the Mode in Excel
        • Mean
        • Median
        • Mode
      • Section 3.2
        • Computing the Quartiles in Excel
        • Variance and Standard Deviation
        • Volatility
      • Section 3.3
        • Computing Standard Deviation in Excel
        • Computing the Standard Deviation
        • Variance in Excel
      • Section 3.4
        • The 68% Rule
        • The 95% and 99% Rules
      • Section 3.5
        • Computing Standard Scores in Excel
        • Computing the Percentile Rank in Excel
        • Percentiles
        • Standard Scores
        • Transformed Scores
    • Section 4
      • Section 4.1
        • The Logic of Effect Size
      • Section 4.2
        • Coefficient of Determination
        • Computing Correlation Coefficients in Excel
        • Computing r-Square with Excel
        • Computing r-Square with Excel
        • Generating a Scatterplot in Excel
        • More on Correlation Coefficients
        • Scattergram
      • Section 4.3
      • Section 4.3
      • Section 4.4
        • Computing the Intercept in Excel
        • Computing the Slope in Excel
        • Correlation and Causation
        • Predicting Y with Excel
      • Section 4.4
      • Section 4.4
      • Section 4.5
        • Factor Analysis
        • Logistic Regression
        • Model Specification
        • Path Analysis
        • Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
    • Section 5
      • Section 5.1
        • Causal Modelling
        • Confidence Intervals
        • p-values
        • Probability in Hypothesis Tests
      • Section 5.2
      • Section 5.3
      • Section 5.3
      • Section 5.4
      • Section 5.4
      • Section 5.5
    • Section 6
      • Section 6.1
      • Section 6.2
        • Computing a Dependent Sample t-Test in Excel
        • Computing d and r In Excel
        • t-Test for Dependent Groups
        • t-Test for Independent Groups
        • t-Test for Independent Groups in Excel
        • t-Tests with Effect Size
      • Section 6.3
        • Chi-square
        • Computing Chi-square Probability with Excel
      • Section 6.4
      • Section 6.5
        • Computing the Probability of F in Excel
        • More on Post Hoc Tests
        • Post Hoc Tests
        • Tukey’s Test
        • Two-Way ANOVA Tests
    • Section 7
      • Appendix A
      • Appendix B
      • Appendix C
      • Appendix D
      • Appendix E
      • Appendix F
      • References
      • Section 7.1
        • Analysis of Effects
        • Examining Data
        • Hierarchical Regression Analysis
        • Interpreting Regression Results
        • Running a Multiple Regression in Excel
        • Statistical Inference and Regression
        • Transforming Data
        • Variance Partitioning
        • What Are Linear Models?
      • Section 7.2
        • Assessing Individual Variables
        • Higher Order Factors
        • How Much Does A Factor Explain?
        • Problems to Watch For
        • Types of Factor Analytic Techniques
      • Section 7.3
        • About Odds Ratios
        • About the Distributions
        • How is Logistic Regression Different from OLS?
        • Why can’t we use regular (OLS) Regression?
      • Section 7.4
      • Section 7.5
        • Correlated Error Terms
        • Identification
        • Latent Variables
        • Model Testing
        • Models
        • Path Coefficients
        • Simple Models
        • Simple Regression
        • Types of Effects
        • Variable Types
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 1.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 1.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 1.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 1.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 1.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 2.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 2.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 2.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 2.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 2.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 3.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 3.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 3.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 3.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 3.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 4.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 4.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 4.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 4.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 4.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 5.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 5.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 5.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 5.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 5.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 6.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 6.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 6.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 6.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 6.5
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 7.1
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 7.2
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 7.3
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 7.4
    • Statistics | Learning Resources | Sec. 7.5
  • The OER Research
• Personal Finance
• Personal Finance (Sec. 1.1)
• Professor McKee’s Things and Stuff
• Section 3.5
• UAM Stuff
  • Introduction to Criminal Justice | Fall 2018 | Professor McKee
  • Procedural Law Fall 2018 | Professor McKee
  • Seminar: Finance Fall 2018 | Professor McKee

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• Category: Open Educational Resources
  • What does “Open” Mean in Open Educational Resource (OER)?
  • Blackboard Tip:  References in Word
  • Are Creative Commons Licenses Best for OER?
  • Distributing Your OER Materials: A Broadened Approach
  • Some Thoughts on OER
• Category: Social Research
• Category: Statistics
  • Category: Advanced Statistics
    • Black Swans in Social Scientific Inquiry
• Category: Uncategorized
  • Demystifying Beta
• Category: Web & WordPress
  • Yoast WordPress Plugin Review
  • Useful Fee Software for Online Teaching and Learning